Essential Math for Data Science - Helion

ebook

Autor: Thomas Nield
ISBN: 9781098102883
stron: 350, Format: ebook
Data wydania: 2022-05-26
Księgarnia: Helion

Cena książki: 203,15 zł (poprzednio: 236,22 zł)
Oszczędzasz: 14% (-33,07 zł)

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Master the math needed to excel in data science, machine learning, and statistics. In this book author Thomas Nield guides you through areas like calculus, probability, linear algebra, and statistics and how they apply to techniques like linear regression, logistic regression, and neural networks. Along the way you'll also gain practical insights into the state of data science and how to use those insights to maximize your career.

Learn how to:

Use Python code and libraries like SymPy, NumPy, and scikit-learn to explore essential mathematical concepts like calculus, linear algebra, statistics, and machine learning
Understand techniques like linear regression, logistic regression, and neural networks in plain English, with minimal mathematical notation and jargon
Perform descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing on a dataset to interpret p-values and statistical significance
Manipulate vectors and matrices and perform matrix decomposition
Integrate and build upon incremental knowledge of calculus, probability, statistics, and linear algebra, and apply it to regression models including neural networks
Navigate practically through a data science career and avoid common pitfalls, assumptions, and biases while tuning your skill set to stand out in the job market

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Spis treści

Essential Math for Data Science eBook -- spis treści

Preface
- Conventions Used in This Book
- Using Code Examples
- OReilly Online Learning
- How to Contact Us
- Acknowledgments
1. Basic Math and Calculus Review
- Number Theory
- Order of Operations
- Variables
- Functions
- Summations
- Exponents
- Logarithms
- Eulers Number and Natural Logarithms
  - Eulers Number
  - Natural Logarithms
- Limits
- Derivatives
  - Partial Derivatives
  - The Chain Rule
- Integrals
- Conclusion
- Exercises
2. Probability
- Understanding Probability
  - Probability Versus Statistics
- Probability Math
  - Joint Probabilities
  - Union Probabilities
  - Conditional Probability and Bayes Theorem
  - Joint and Union Conditional Probabilities
- Binomial Distribution
- Beta Distribution
- Conclusion
- Exercises
3. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
- What Is Data?
- Descriptive Versus Inferential Statistics
- Populations, Samples, and Bias
- Descriptive Statistics
  - Mean and Weighted Mean
  - Median
  - Mode
  - Variance and Standard Deviation
    - Population Variance and Standard Deviation
    - Sample Variance and Standard Deviation
  - The Normal Distribution
    - Discovering the Normal Distribution
    - Properties of a Normal Distribution
    - The Probability Density Function (PDF)
    - The Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF)
  - The Inverse CDF
  - Z-Scores
- Inferential Statistics
  - The Central Limit Theorem
  - Confidence Intervals
  - Understanding P-Values
  - Hypothesis Testing
    - One-Tailed Test
    - Two-Tailed Test
- The T-Distribution: Dealing with Small Samples
- Big Data Considerations and the Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy
- Conclusion
- Exercises
4. Linear Algebra
- What Is a Vector?
  - Adding and Combining Vectors
  - Scaling Vectors
  - Span and Linear Dependence
- Linear Transformations
  - Basis Vectors
  - Matrix Vector Multiplication
- Matrix Multiplication
- Determinants
- Special Types of Matrices
  - Square Matrix
  - Identity Matrix
  - Inverse Matrix
  - Diagonal Matrix
  - Triangular Matrix
  - Sparse Matrix
- Systems of Equations and Inverse Matrices
- Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues
- Conclusion
- Exercises
5. Linear Regression
- A Basic Linear Regression
  - Basic Linear Regression with SciPy
- Residuals and Squared Errors
- Finding the Best Fit Line
  - Closed Form Equation
  - Inverse Matrix Techniques
  - Gradient Descent
    - A Thought Experiment on Gradient Descent
    - Lets Walk Before We Run
    - Gradient Descent and Linear Regression
    - Gradient Descent for Linear Regression Using SymPy
- Overfitting and Variance
- Stochastic Gradient Descent
- The Correlation Coefficient
- Statistical Significance
- Coefficient of Determination
- Standard Error of the Estimate
- Prediction Intervals
- Train/Test Splits
- Multiple Linear Regression
- Conclusion
- Exercises
6. Logistic Regression and Classification
- Understanding Logistic Regression
- Performing a Logistic Regression
  - Logistic Function
  - Fitting the Logistic Curve
    - Using SciPy
    - Using Maximum Likelihood and Gradient Descent
- Multivariable Logistic Regression
- Understanding the Log-Odds
- R-Squared
- P-Values
- Train/Test Splits
- Confusion Matrices
- Bayes Theorem and Classification
- Receiver Operator Characteristics/Area Under Curve
- Class Imbalance
- Conclusion
- Exercises
7. Neural Networks
- When to Use Neural Networks and Deep Learning
- A Simple Neural Network
  - Activation Functions
  - Forward Propagation
- Backpropagation
  - Calculating the Weight and Bias Derivatives
  - Stochastic Gradient Descent
- Using scikit-learn
- Limitations of Neural Networks and Deep Learning
- Conclusion
- Exercise
8. Career Advice and the Path Forward
- Redefining Data Science
- A Brief History of Data Science
- Finding Your Edge
  - SQL Proficiency
    - What About Pandas and NoSQL?
  - Programming Proficiency
  - Data Visualization
  - Knowing Your Industry
  - Productive Learning
  - Practitioner Versus Advisor
- What to Watch Out For in Data Science Jobs
  - Role Definition
  - Organizational Focus and Buy-In
  - Adequate Resources
  - Reasonable Objectives
  - Competing with Existing Systems
  - A Role Is Not What You Expected
- Does Your Dream Job Not Exist?
- Where Do I Go Now?
- Conclusion
A. Supplemental Topics
- Using LaTeX Rendering with SymPy
- Binomial Distribution from Scratch
- Beta Distribution from Scratch
- Deriving Bayes Theorem
- CDF and Inverse CDF from Scratch
- Use e to Predict Event Probability Over Time
- Hill Climbing and Linear Regression
- Hill Climbing and Logistic Regression
- A Brief Intro to Linear Programming
- MNIST Classifier Using scikit-learn
B. Exercise Answers
- Chapter 1
- Chapter 2
- Chapter 3
- Chapter 4
- Chapter 5
- Chapter 6
- Chapter 7
Index