lex & yacc. 2nd Edition - Helion

ebook

Autor: Doug Brown, John Levine, Tony Mason
ISBN: 978-14-493-6015-3
stron: 388, Format: ebook
Data wydania: 2016-03-18
Księgarnia: Helion

Cena książki: 92,65 zł (poprzednio: 107,73 zł)
Oszczędzasz: 14% (-15,08 zł)

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Tagi: Unix

This book shows you how to use two Unix utilities, lex andyacc, in program development. These tools help programmers build compilers and interpreters, but they also have a wider range of applications.The second edition contains completely revised tutorial sections for novice users and reference sections for advanced users. This edition is twice the size of the first and has an expanded index.The following material has been added:

Each utility is explained in a chapter that covers basic usage and simple, stand-alone applications
How to implement a full SQL grammar, with full sample code
Major MS-DOS and Unix versions of lex and yacc are explored in depth, including AT&T lex and yacc, Berkeley yacc, Berkeley/GNU Flex, GNU Bison, MKS lex andyacc, and Abraxas PCYACC

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Spis treści

lex & yacc. 2nd Edition eBook -- spis treści

lex & yacc, 2nd Edition
SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with OReilly
A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
Preface
- Whats New in the Second Edition
- Scope of This Book
- Availability of Lex and Yacc
- Sample Programs
- Conventions Used in This Handbook
- Acknowledgments
1. Lex and Yacc
- The Simplest Lex Program
- Recognizing Words with Lex
  - Symbol Tables
- Grammars
  - Parser-Lexer Communication
- The Parts of Speech Lexer
  - A Yacc Parser
  - The Rules Section
- Running Lex and Yacc
- Lex vs. Hand-written Lexers
- Exercises
2. Using Lex
- Regular Expressions
  - Examples of Regular Expressions
- A Word Counting Program
- Parsing a Command Line
  - Start States
- A C Source Code Analyzer
- Summary
- Exercises
3. Using Yacc
- Grammars
  - Recursive Rules
- Shift/Reduce Parsing
  - What Yacc Cannot Parse
- A Yacc Parser
  - The Definition Section
  - The Rules Section
  - Symbol Values and Actions
- The Lexer
  - Compiling and Running a Simple Parser
- Arithmetic Expressions and Ambiguity
  - When Not to Use Precedence Rules
- Variables and Typed Tokens
  - Symbol Values and %union
- Symbol Tables
- Functions and Reserved Words
  - Reserved Words in the Symbol Table
  - Interchangeable Function and Variable Names
- Building Parsers with Make
- Summary
- Exercises
4. A Menu Generation Language
- Overview of the MGL
- Developing the MGL
- Building the MGL
  - Initialization
- Screen Processing
- Termination
- Sample MGL Code
- Exercises
5. Parsing SQL
- A Quick Overview of SQL
  - Relational Data Bases
  - Manipulating Relations
- Three Ways to Use SQL
- The Syntax Checker
  - The Lexer
  - Error and Main Routines
- The Parser
  - Definitions
  - Top Level Rules
  - The Schema Sublanguage
    - Base Tables
    - View Definition
    - Privilege Definitions
  - The Module Sublanguage
    - Cursor Definitions
  - The Manipulation Sublanguage
    - Simple Statements
    - FETCH Statements
    - INSERT Statements
    - DELETE Statements
    - UPDATE Statements
    - Scalar Expressions
    - SELECT Statements
    - Table Expressions
    - Search Conditions
  - Odds and Ends
  - Using the Syntax Checker
  - Embedded SQL
    - Changes to the Lexer
    - Changes to the Parser
    - Auxiliary Routines
    - Using the Preprocessor
  - Exercises
6. A Reference for Lex Specifications
- Structure of a Lex Specification
  - Definition Section
  - Rules Section
  - User Subroutines
- BEGIN
  - Bugs
    - Ambiguous Lookahead
  - AT&T Lex
    - Flex
  - Character Translations
  - Context Sensitivity
    - Left Context
    - Right Context
  - Definitions (Substitutions)
- ECHO
  - Include Operations (Logical Nesting of Files)
    - File Chaining with yywrap()
    - File Nesting
    - AT&T Lex
    - Flex
    - MKS Lex
    - Abraxas Pclex
    - POSIX Lex
- Input from Strings
  - AT&T Lex
  - Flex
  - Abraxas Pclex
  - MKS Lex
  - POSIX Lex
  - input()
- Internal Tables (%N Declarations)
  - lex Library
    - main()
    - Other Library Routines
- Line Numbers and yylineno
  - Literal Block
- Multiple Lexers in One Program
  - Combined Lexers
  - Multiple Lexers
    - Using the p Flag
    - Faking It
- output()
- Portability of Lex Lexers
  - Porting Lex Specifications
  - Porting Generated C Lexers
    - Libraries
    - Buffer Sizes
    - Character Sets
- Regular Expression Syntax
  - Metacharacters
  - POSIX Extensions
- REJECT
- Returning Values from yylex()
  - Start States
- unput()
- yyinput(), yyoutput(), yyunput()
- yyleng
- yyless()
- yylex()
  - User Code in yylex()
- yymore()
- yytext
  - Enlarging yytext
  - AT&T and MKS Lex
    - Flex
    - Pclex
- yywrap()
7. A Reference for Yacc Grammars
- Structure of a Yacc Grammar
  - Symbols
  - Definition Section
  - Rules Section
  - User Subroutines Section
- Actions
  - Embedded Actions
  - Symbol Types for Embedded Actions
  - Obsolescent Feature
- Ambiguity and Conflicts
  - Types of Conflicts
    - Shift/Reduce Conflicts
    - Reduce/Reduce Conflicts
- Bugs in Yacc
  - Real Bugs
    - Error Handling
    - Declaring Literal Tokens
  - Infinite Recursion
  - Unreal Bugs
    - Interchanging Precedences
    - Embedded Actions
- End Marker
- Error Token and Error Recovery
- %ident Declaration
- Inherited Attributes ($0)
  - Symbol Types for Inherited Attributes
- Lexical Feedback
- Literal Block
- Literal Tokens
- Portability of Yacc Parsers
  - Porting Yacc Grammars
  - Porting Generated C Parsers
    - Libraries
    - Character Codes
- Precedence, Associativity, and Operator Declarations
  - Precedence and Associativity
    - Precedence
    - Associativity
  - Operator Declarations
  - Using Precedence and Associativity to Resolve Conflicts
  - Typical Uses of Precedence
- Recursive Rules
  - Left and Right Recursion
- Rules
- Special Characters
- Start Declaration
- Symbol Values
  - Declaring Symbol Types
  - Calculator Example
  - Explicit Symbol Types
- Tokens
  - Token Numbers
  - Token Values
- %type Declaration
- %union Declaration
- Variant and Multiple Grammars
  - Combined Parsers
  - Multiple Parsers
    - Using the -p Flag
    - Faking It
  - Recursive Parsing
  - Lexers for Multiple Parsers
- y.output Files
- Yacc Library
  - main()
  - yyerror()
- YYABORT
- YYACCEPT
- YYBACKUP
- yyclearin
- yydebug and YYDEBUG
- YYDEBUG
  - yydebug
- yyerrok
- YYERROR
- yyerror()
- yyparse()
- YYRECOVERING()
8. Yacc Ambiguities and Conflicts
- The Pointer Model and Conflicts
  - Types of Conflicts
  - Parser States
  - Contents of y.output
    - Reduce/Reduce Conflicts
    - Shift/Reduce Conflicts
  - Review of Conflicts in y.output
- Common Examples of Conflicts
  - Expression Grammars
- IFTHENELSE
  - Nested List Grammer
- How Do I Fix the Conflict?
- IFTHENELSE (Shift/Reduce)
  - Loop Within a Loop (Shift/Reduce)
  - Expression Precedence (Shift/Reduce)
  - Limited Lookahead (Shift/Reduce or Reduce/Reduce)
  - Overlap of Alternatives (Reduce/Reduce)
- Summary
- Exercises
9. Error Reporting and Recovery
- Error Reporting
  - Better Lex Error Reports
- Error Recovery
  - Yacc Error Recovery
  - Where to Put Error Tokens
- Compiler Error Recovery
- Exercises
A. AT&T Lex
- Error Messages
B. AT&T Yacc
- Options
- Error Messages
C. Berkeley Yacc
- Options
- Error Messages
  - Fatal Errors
  - Regular Errors
  - Warnings
  - Informative Messages
D. GNU Bison
- Differences
E. Flex
- Flex Differences
- Options
- Error Messages
- Flex Versions of Lexer Examples
F. MKS lex and yacc
- Differences
- New Features
G. Abraxas lex and yacc
- Differences
- New Features
H. POSIX lex and yacc
- Options
- Differences
I. MGL Compiler Code
- MGL Yacc Source
- MGL Lex Source
- Supporting C Code
J. SQL Parser Code
- Yacc Parser
- Cross-reference
K. SQL Parser Code
- Lex Scanner
- Supporting Code
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
About the Authors
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