Zero Trust Networks. 2nd Edition - Helion

ebook

Autor: Razi Rais, Christina Morillo, Evan Gilman
ISBN: 9781492096559
stron: 334, Format: ebook
Data wydania: 2024-02-23
Księgarnia: Helion

Cena książki: 174,89 zł (poprzednio: 236,34 zł)
Oszczędzasz: 26% (-61,45 zł)

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This practical book provides a detailed explanation of the zero trust security model. Zero trust is a security paradigm shift that eliminates the concept of traditional perimeter-based security and requires you to "always assume breach" and "never trust but always verify." The updated edition offers more scenarios, real-world examples, and in-depth explanations of key concepts to help you fully comprehend the zero trust security architecture.

Examine fundamental concepts of zero trust security model, including trust engine, policy engine, and context aware agents
Understand how this model embeds security within the system's operation, with guided scenarios at the end of each chapter
Migrate from a perimeter-based network to a zero trust network in production
Explore case studies that provide insights into organizations' zero trust journeys
Learn about the various zero trust architectures, standards, and frameworks developed by NIST, CISA, DoD, and others

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Spis treści

Zero Trust Networks. 2nd Edition eBook -- spis treści

Preface
- Who Should Read This Book
- Why We Wrote This Book
- Navigating This Book
- Conventions Used in This Book
- OReilly Online Learning
- How to Contact Us
- Acknowledgments from the First Edition
- Acknowledgments from the Second Edition
1. Zero Trust Fundamentals
- What Is a Zero Trust Network?
  - Introducing the Zero Trust Control Plane
- Evolution of the Perimeter Model
  - Managing the Global IP Address Space
  - Birth of Private IP Address Space
  - Private Networks Connect to Public Networks
  - Birth of NAT
  - The Contemporary Perimeter Model
- Evolution of the Threat Landscape
- Perimeter Shortcomings
- Where the Trust Lies
- Automation as an Enabler
- Perimeter Versus Zero Trust
- Applied in the Cloud
- Role of Zero Trust in National Cybersecurity
- Summary
2. Managing Trust
- Threat Models
  - Common Threat Models
  - Zero Trusts Threat Model
- Strong Authentication
- Authenticating Trust
  - What Is a Certificate Authority?
  - Importance of PKI in Zero Trust
  - Private Versus Public PKI
  - Public PKI Is Better than None
- Least Privilege
  - Dynamic Trust
  - Trust Score
  - Challenges with Trust Scores
  - Control Plane Versus Data Plane
- Summary
3. Context-Aware Agents
- What Is an Agent?
  - Agent Volatility
  - Whats in an Agent?
  - How Is an Agent Used?
  - Agents Are Not for Authentication
- How to Expose an Agent?
  - Rigidity and Fluidity, at the Same Time
  - Standardization Desirable
  - In the Meantime?
- Summary
4. Making Authorization Decisions
- Authorization Architecture
- Enforcement
- Policy Engine
  - Policy Storage
  - What Makes Good Policy?
  - Who Defines Policy?
  - Policy Reviews
- Trust Engine
  - What Entities Are Scored?
    - Using network agents for scoring
    - Using devices for scoring
  - Exposing Scores Considered Risky
- Data Stores
- Scenario Walkthrough
- Summary
5. Trusting Devices
- Bootstrapping Trust
  - Generating and Securing Identity
  - Identity Security in Static and Dynamic Systems
- Authenticating Devices with the Control Plane
  - X.509
    - Certificate chains and certification authorities
    - Device identity and X.509
    - Public and private components
    - Private key storage challenges
    - X.509 for device authentication
  - TPMs
    - Encrypting data using a TPM
    - Intermediary keys and passphrases
    - Platform configuration registers
    - Remote attestation
  - TPMs for Device Authentication
  - HSM and TPM Attack Vectors
  - Hardware-Based Zero Trust Supplicant?
- Inventory Management
  - Knowing What to Expect
  - Secure Introduction
- Renewing and Measuring Device Trust
  - Local Measurement
  - Remote Measurement
  - Unified Endpoint Management (UEM)
- Software Configuration Management
  - CM-Based Inventory
  - Searchable Inventory
  - Secure Source of Truth
- Using Device Data for User Authorization
- Trust Signals
  - Time Since Image
  - Historical Access
  - Location
  - Network Communication Patterns
  - Machine Learning
- Scenario Walkthrough
  - Use Case: Bob Wants to Send a Document for Printing
  - Request Analysis
  - Use Case: Bob Wants to Delete an Email
  - Request Analysis
- Summary
6. Trusting Identities
- Identity Authority
- Bootstrapping Identity in a Private System
  - Government-Issued Identification
  - Nothing Beats Meatspace
  - Expectations and Stars
- Storing Identity
  - User Directories
  - Directory Maintenance
- When to Authenticate Identity
  - Authenticating for Trust
  - Trust as the Authentication Driver
  - The Use of Multiple Channels
  - Caching Identity and Trust
- How to Authenticate Identity
  - Something You Know: Passwords
  - Something You Have: TOTP
  - Something You Have: Certificates
  - Something You Have: Security Tokens
  - Something You Are: Biometrics
  - Behavioral Patterns
- Out-of-Band Authentication
  - Single Sign-On
  - Workload Identities
  - Moving Toward a Local Auth Solution
- Authenticating and Authorizing a Group
  - Shamirs Secret Sharing
  - Red October
- See Something, Say Something
- Trust Signals
- Scenario Walkthrough
  - Use Case: Bob Wants to View a Sensitive Financial Report
  - Request Analysis
- Summary
7. Trusting Applications
- Understanding the Application Pipeline
- Trusting Source Code
  - Securing the Repository
  - Authentic Code and the Audit Trail
  - Code Reviews
- Trusting Builds
  - Software Bill of Materials (SBOM): The Risk
  - Trusted Input, Trusted Output
  - Reproducible Builds
  - Decoupling Release and Artifact Versions
- Trusting Distribution
  - Promoting an Artifact
  - Distribution Security
  - Integrity and Authenticity
  - Trusting a Distribution Network
- Humans in the Loop
- Trusting an Instance
  - Upgrade-Only Policy
  - Authorized Instances
- Runtime Security
  - Secure Coding Practices
  - Isolation
  - Active Monitoring
- Secure Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC)
  - Requirements and Design
  - Coding and Implementation
  - Static and Dynamic Code Analysis
  - Peer Reviews and Code Audits
  - Quality Assurance and Testing
  - Deployment and Maintenance
  - Continuous Improvement
- Protecting Application and Data Privacy
  - When You Host Applications in a Public Cloud, How Can You Trust It?
  - Confidential Computing
  - Understanding Hardware-Based Root-of-Trust (RoT)
  - Role of Attestation
- Scenario Walkthrough
  - Use Case: Bob Sends Highly Sensitive Data to Financial Application for Computation
  - Request Analysis
- Summary
8. Trusting the Traffic
- Encryption Versus Authentication
- Authenticity Without Encryption?
- Bootstrapping Trust: The First Packet
  - FireWall KNock OPerator (fwknop)
  - Short-Lived Exceptions
  - SPA Payload
  - Payload Encryption
  - HMAC
- Where Should Zero Trust Be in the Network Model?
  - Client and Server Split
  - Network Support Issues
  - Device Support Issues
  - Application Support Issues
  - A Pragmatic Approach
  - Microsoft Server Isolation
- The Protocols
  - IKE and IPsec
  - Mutually Authenticated TLS (mTLS)
    - Separation of duty
    - Bulk encryption
    - Message authenticity
    - Mutually authenticated TLS for device authentication
- Trusting Cloud Traffic: Challenges and Considerations
- Cloud Access Security Brokers (CASBs) and Identity Federation
- Filtering
  - Host Filtering
  - Bookended Filtering
  - Intermediary Filtering
- Scenario Walkthrough
  - Use Case: Bob Requests Access to an Email Service Over an Anonymous Proxy Network
  - Request Analysis
- Summary
9. Realizing a Zero Trust Network
- The First Steps Toward a Zero Trust Network: Understanding Your Current Network
  - Choosing Scope
  - Assessment and Planning
  - Requirements: What Is Actually Required?
  - All Network Flows MUST Undergo Authentication Before Processing
    - All network flows SHOULD be encrypted before transmission
    - Authentication and encryption MUST be performed by the application-layer endpoints
    - System access SHOULD be enforced by enumerating all network flows
    - The strongest authentication and encryption suites available SHOULD be used within the network
    - Authentication SHOULD NOT rely on public PKI providersprivate PKI systems should be used instead
    - Devices SHOULD be regularly scanned, patched, and rotated
  - Building a System Diagram
  - Understanding Your Flows
  - Micro-Segmentation
  - Software-Defined Perimeter
  - Controller-Less Architecture
  - Cheating with Configuration Management
- Implementation Phase: Application Authentication and Authorization
  - Authenticating Load Balancers and Proxies
  - Relationship-Oriented Policy
  - Policy Distribution
  - Defining and Implementing Security Policies
  - Zero Trust Proxies
  - Client-Side Versus Server-Side Migrations
  - Endpoint Security
- Case Studies
- Case Study: Google BeyondCorp
  - The Major Components of BeyondCorp
    - Securely identifying the device
    - Device Inventory Database
    - Device identity
    - Securely identifying the user
    - Externalizing applications and workflows: the Access Proxy
    - Implementing inventory-based access control
  - Leveraging and Extending the GFE
    - User authentication
    - Authorization
    - Mutual authentication between the proxy and the backend
  - Challenges with Multiplatform Authentication
    - Desktops and laptops
    - Mobile devices
  - Migrating to BeyondCorp
    - Deploying an unprivileged network
    - Workflow qualification
    - Cutting back on VPN usage
    - Traffic analysis pipeline
    - Unprivileged network simulation
    - Migration strategy
    - Exemption handling
  - Lessons Learned
    - Communication
    - Engineers need support
    - Data quality and correlation
    - Sparse data sets
  - Conclusion
- Case Study: PagerDutys Cloud-Agnostic Network
  - Configuration Management as an Automation Platform
  - Dynamically Calculated Local Firewalls
  - Distributed Traffic Encryption
  - Decentralized User Management
  - Rollout
  - Value of a Provider-Agnostic System
- Summary
10. The Adversarial View
- Potential Pitfalls and Dangers
- Attack Vectors
- Identity and Access
  - Credential Theft
  - Privilege Escalation and Lateral Movement
- Infrastructure and Networks
  - Control Plane Security
  - Endpoint Enumeration
  - Untrusted Computing Platform
  - Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks
  - Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
  - Invalidation
  - Phishing
  - Physical Coercion
- Role of Cyber Insurance
- Summary
11. Zero Trust Architecture Standards, Frameworks, and Guidelines
- Governments
  - United States
    - Executive Order (EO) 14028Improving the Nations Cybersecurity
    - National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
    - Zero trust/zero trust architecture definition
    - Zero trust architecturelogical components
    - Zero trust architecturedeployment variations
      - Device agent/gateway-based deployment
      - Enclave gateway model
      - Resource portal-based deployment
      - Device application sandboxing
    - Trust algorithm
      - Evaluation of input sources by the trust algorithm
      - Evaluation of access request by the trust algorithm
    - Threats
    - National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE)
    - Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)
    - Department of Defense (DoD)
    - National Security Agency (NSA)
  - United Kingdom
  - European Union
- Private and Public Organizations
  - Cloud Security Alliance (CSA)
  - The Open Group
  - Gartner
  - Forrester
  - International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
- Commercial Vendors
- Summary
12. Challenges and the Road Ahead
- Challenges
  - Mindset Shift
  - Shadow IT
  - Siloed Organizations
  - Lack of Cohesive Zero Trust Products
  - Scalability and Performance
  - Key Takeaways
- Technological Advancements
  - Quantum Computing
  - Artificial Intelligence
  - Privacy-Enhancing Technologies
- Summary
A. A Brief Introduction to Network Models
- Network Layers, Visually
- OSI Network Model
  - Layer 1Physical Layer
  - Layer 2Data Link Layer
  - Layer 3Network Layer
  - Layer 4Transport Layer
  - Layer 5Session Layer
  - Layer 6Presentation Layer
  - Layer 7Application Layer
  - TCP/IP Network Model
Index