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Head First Data Analysis. A learner's guide to big numbers, statistics, and good decisions - Helion

Head First Data Analysis. A learner's guide to big numbers, statistics, and good decisions
ebook
Autor: Michael Milton
ISBN: 978-14-493-6833-3
stron: 486, Format: ebook
Data wydania: 2009-07-17
Księgarnia: Helion

Cena książki: 143,65 zł (poprzednio: 167,03 zł)
Oszczędzasz: 14% (-23,38 zł)

Dodaj do koszyka Head First Data Analysis. A learner's guide to big numbers, statistics, and good decisions

Tagi: Analiza danych | Big Data

Today, interpreting data is a critical decision-making factor for businesses and organizations. If your job requires you to manage and analyze all kinds of data, turn to Head First Data Analysis, where you'll quickly learn how to collect and organize data, sort the distractions from the truth, find meaningful patterns, draw conclusions, predict the future, and present your findings to others.

Whether you're a product developer researching the market viability of a new product or service, a marketing manager gauging or predicting the effectiveness of a campaign, a salesperson who needs data to support product presentations, or a lone entrepreneur responsible for all of these data-intensive functions and more, the unique approach in Head First Data Analysis is by far the most efficient way to learn what you need to know to convert raw data into a vital business tool.

You'll learn how to:

  • Determine which data sources to use for collecting information
  • Assess data quality and distinguish signal from noise
  • Build basic data models to illuminate patterns, and assimilate new information into the models
  • Cope with ambiguous information
  • Design experiments to test hypotheses and draw conclusions
  • Use segmentation to organize your data within discrete market groups
  • Visualize data distributions to reveal new relationships and persuade others
  • Predict the future with sampling and probability models
  • Clean your data to make it useful
  • Communicate the results of your analysis to your audience

Using the latest research in cognitive science and learning theory to craft a multi-sensory learning experience, Head First Data Analysis uses a visually rich format designed for the way your brain works, not a text-heavy approach that puts you to sleep.

Dodaj do koszyka Head First Data Analysis. A learner's guide to big numbers, statistics, and good decisions

 

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Dodaj do koszyka Head First Data Analysis. A learner's guide to big numbers, statistics, and good decisions

Spis treści

Head First Data Analysis. A learner's guide to big numbers, statistics, and good decisions eBook -- spis treści

  • Head First Data Analysis
  • Dedication
  • A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
  • Advance Praise for Head First Data Analysis
  • Praise for other Head First books
  • Author of Head First Data Analysis
  • How to Use This Book: Intro
    • Who is this book for?
      • Who should probably back away from this book?
    • We know what youre thinking
    • We know what your brain is thinking
    • Metacognition: thinking about thinking
    • Heres what WE did
      • Heres what YOU can do to bend your brain into submission
    • Read Me
    • The technical review team
    • Acknowledgments
    • Safari Books Online
  • 1. Introduction to Data Analysis: Break it down
    • Acme Cosmetics needs your help
    • The CEO wants data analysis to help increase sales
    • Data analysis is careful thinking about evidence
    • Define the problem
    • Your client will help you define your problem
    • Acmes CEO has some feedback for you
    • Break the problem and data into smaller pieces
      • Divide the problem into smaller problems
      • Divide the data into smaller chunks
    • Now take another look at what you know
    • Evaluate the pieces
    • Analysis begins when you insert yourself
    • Make a recommendation
    • Your report is ready
    • The CEO likes your work
    • An article just came across the wire
    • You let the CEOs beliefs take you down the wrong path
    • Your assumptions and beliefs about the world are your mental model
    • Your statistical model depends on your mental model
    • Mental models should always include what you dont know
    • The CEO tells you what he doesnt know
    • Acme just sent you a huge list of raw data
    • Time to drill further into the data
    • General American Wholesalers confirms your impression
    • Heres what you did
    • Your analysis led your client to a brilliant decision
  • 2. Experiments: Test your theories
    • Its a coffee recession!
    • The Starbuzz board meeting is in three months
    • The Starbuzz Survey
    • Always use the method of comparison
    • Comparisons are key for observational data
    • Could value perception be causing the revenue decline?
    • A typical customers thinking
    • Observational studies are full of confounders
    • How location might be confounding your results
    • Manage confounders by breaking the data into chunks
    • Its worse than we thought!
    • You need an experiment to say which strategy will work best
    • The Starbuzz CEO is in a big hurry
    • Starbuzz drops its prices
    • One month later...
    • Control groups give you a baseline
    • Not getting fired 101
    • Lets experiment for real!
    • One month later...
    • Confounders also plague experiments
    • Avoid confounders by selecting groups carefully
    • Randomization selects similar groups
    • Your experiment is ready to go
    • The results are in
    • Starbuzz has an empirically tested sales strategy
  • 3. Optimization: Take it to the max
    • Youre now in the bath toy game
    • Constraints limit the variables you control
    • Decision variables are things you can control
    • You have an optimization problem
    • Find your objective with the objective function
    • Your objective function
    • Show product mixes with your other constraints
    • Plot multiple constraints on the same chart
    • Your good options are all in the feasible region
    • Your new constraint changed the feasible region
    • Your spreadsheet does optimization
    • Solver crunched your optimization problem in a snap
    • Profits fell through the floor
    • Your model only describes what you put into it
    • Calibrate your assumptions to your analytical objectives
    • Watch out for negatively linked variables
    • Your new plan is working like a charm
    • Your assumptions are based on an ever-changing reality
  • 4. Data Visualization: Pictures make you smarter
    • New Army needs to optimize their website
    • The results are in, but the information designer is out
    • The last information designer submitted these three infographics
    • What data is behind the visualizations?
    • Show the data!
    • Heres some unsolicited advice from the last designer
    • Too much data is never your problem
    • Making the data pretty isnt your problem either
    • Data visualization is all about making the right comparisons
    • Your visualization is already more useful than the rejected ones
    • Use scatterplots to explore causes
    • The best visualizations are highly multivariate
    • Show more variables by looking at charts together
    • The visualization is great, but the web gurus not satisfied yet
    • Good visual designs help you think about causes
    • The experiment designers weigh in
    • The experiment designers have some hypotheses of their own
    • The client is pleased with your work
    • Orders are coming in from everywhere!
  • 5. Hypothesis Testing: Say it aint so
    • Gimme some skin...
    • When do we start making new phone skins?
    • PodPhone doesnt want you to predict their next move
    • Heres everything we know
    • ElectroSkinnys analysis does fit the data
    • ElectroSkinny obtained this confidential strategy memo
    • Variables can be negatively or positively linked
    • Causes in the real world are networked, not linear
    • Hypothesize PodPhones options
    • You have what you need to run a hypothesis test
    • Falsification is the heart of hypothesis testing
    • Diagnosticity helps you find the hypothesis with the least disconfirmation
    • You cant rule out all the hypotheses, but you can say which is strongest
    • You just got a picture message...
    • Its a launch!
  • 6. Bayesian Statistics: Get past first base
    • The doctor has disturbing news
    • Lets take the accuracy analysis one claim at a time
    • How common is lizard flu really?
    • Youve been counting false positives
      • The opposite of a false positive is a true negative
    • All these terms describe conditional probabilities
    • You need to count
    • 1 percent of people have lizard flu
      • Watch out for the base rate fallacy
    • Your chances of having lizard flu are still pretty low
    • Do complex probabilistic thinking with simple whole numbers
    • Bayes rule manages your base rates when you get new data
    • You can use Bayes rule over and over
    • Your second test result is negative
    • The new test has different accuracy statistics
    • New information can change your base rate
    • What a relief!
  • 7. Subjective Probabilities: Numerical belief
    • Backwater Investments needs your help
    • Their analysts are at each others throats
    • Subjective probabilities describe expert beliefs
    • Subjective probabilities might show no real disagreement after all
    • The analysts responded with their subjective probabilities
    • The CEO doesnt see what youre up to
    • The CEO loves your work
    • The standard deviation measures how far points are from the average
    • You were totally blindsided by this news
    • Bayes rule is great for revising subjective probabilities
    • The CEO knows exactly what to do with this new information
    • Russian stock owners rejoice!
  • 8. Heuristics: Analyze like a human
    • LitterGitters submitted their report to the city council
    • The LitterGitters have really cleaned up this town
    • The LitterGitters have been measuring their campaigns effectiveness
    • The mandate is to reduce the tonnage of litter
    • Tonnage is unfeasible to measure
    • Give people a hard question, and theyll answer an easier one instead
    • Littering in Dataville is a complex system
    • You cant build and implement a unified litter-measuring model
    • Heuristics are a middle ground between going with your gut and optimization
    • Use a fast and frugal tree
    • Is there a simpler way to assess LitterGitters success?
    • Stereotypes are heuristics
    • Your analysis is ready to present
    • Looks like your analysis impressed the city council members
  • 9. Histograms: The shape of numbers
    • Your annual review is coming up
    • Going for more cash could play out in a bunch of different ways
    • Heres some data on raises
    • Histograms show frequencies of groups of numbers
    • Gaps between bars in a histogram mean gaps among the data points
    • Install and run R
    • Load data into R
    • R creates beautiful histograms
    • Make histograms from subsets of your data
    • Negotiation pays
    • What will negotiation mean for you?
  • 10. Regression: Prediction
    • What are you going to do with all this money?
    • An analysis that tells people what to ask for could be huge
    • Behold... the Raise Reckoner!
    • Inside the algorithm will be a method to predict raises
    • Scatterplots compare two variables
    • A line could tell your clients where to aim
    • Predict values in each strip with the graph of averages
    • The regression line predicts what raises people will receive
    • The line is useful if your data shows a linear correlation
    • You need an equation to make your predictions precise
      • a represents the y-axis intercept
      • b represents the slope
    • Tell R to create a regression object
    • The regression equation goes hand in hand with your scatterplot
    • The regression equation is the Raise Reckoner algorithm
    • Your raise predictor didnt work out as planned...
  • 11. Error: Err Well
    • Your clients are pretty ticked off
    • What did your raise prediction algorithm do?
    • The segments of customers
    • The guy who asked for 25% went outside the model
    • How to handle the client who wants a prediction outside the data range
    • The guy who got fired because of extrapolation has cooled off
    • Youve only solved part of the problem
    • What does the data for the screwy outcomes look like?
    • Chance errors are deviations from what your model predicts
    • Error is good for you and your client
    • Specify error quantitatively
    • Quantify your residual distribution with Root Mean Squared error
    • Your model in R already knows the R.M.S. error
    • Rs summary of your linear model shows your R.M.S. error
    • Segmentation is all about managing error
    • Good regressions balance explanation and prediction
    • Your segmented models manage error better than the original model
    • Your clients are returning in droves
  • 12. Relational Databases: Can you relate?
    • The Dataville Dispatch wants to analyze sales
    • Heres the data they keep to track their operations
    • You need to know how the data tables relate to each other
    • A database is a collection of data with well-specified relations to each other
    • Trace a path through the relations to make the comparison you need
    • Create a spreadsheet that goes across that path
    • Your summary ties article count and sales together
    • Looks like your scatterplot is going over really well
    • Copying and pasting all that data was a pain
    • Relational databases manage relations for you
    • Dataville Dispatch built an RDBMS with your relationship diagram
    • Dataville Dispatch extracted your data using the SQL language
    • Comparison possibilities are endless if your data is in a RDBMS
    • Youre on the cover
  • 13. Cleaning Data: Impose order
    • Just got a client list from a defunct competitor
    • The dirty secret of data analysis
    • Head First Head Hunters wants the list for their sales team
    • Cleaning messy data is all about preparation
    • Once youre organized, you can fix the data itself
    • Use the # sign as a delimiter
    • Excel split your data into columns using the delimiter
    • Use SUBSTITUTE to replace the carat character
    • You cleaned up all the first names
    • The last name pattern is too complex for SUBSTITUTE
    • Handle complex patterns with nested text formulas
    • R can use regular expressions to crunch complex data patterns
    • The sub command fixed your last names
    • Now you can ship the data to your client
    • Maybe youre not quite done yet...
    • Sort your data to show duplicate values together
    • The data is probably from a relational database
    • Remove duplicate names
    • You created nice, clean, unique records
    • Head First Head Hunters is recruiting like gangbusters!
    • Leaving town...
    • Its been great having you here in Dataville!
  • A. Leftovers: The Top Ten Things (we didnt cover)
    • #1: Everything else in statistics
    • #2: Excel skills
    • #3: Edward Tufte and his principles of visualization
    • #4: PivotTables
    • #5: The R community
    • #6: Nonlinear and multiple regression
    • #7: Null-alternative hypothesis testing
    • #8: Randomness
    • #9: Google Docs
    • #10: Your expertise
  • B. Install R: Start R up!
    • Get started with R
  • C. Install Excel Analysis Tools: The ToolPak
    • Install the data analysis tools in Excel
  • Index
  • About the Author
  • Copyright

Dodaj do koszyka Head First Data Analysis. A learner's guide to big numbers, statistics, and good decisions

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